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This year's theme is "LIVE MOUTH SMART."

Tema e këtij viti është lightbox[Mouth alb]Tema e këtij viti është "LIVE MOUTH SMART"

 

Organized by the FDI World Dental Federation, World Oral Health Day was launched in 2013 to raise awareness of maintaining good oral health and its significance in safeguarding general health and well-being. This is done through an international awareness campaign created and launched by the FDI, adapted and promoted locally by national dental associations in more than 140 countries worldwide.

‘Live MOUTH SMART’ empowers people to take control of their oral health – throughout life – so they can enjoy a healthy, functional mouth from childhood into old age.
Oral health means the health of the mouth. A healthy mouth allows you to speak, smile, smell, taste, touch, chew, swallow and convey a range of emotions with confidence and without pain, discomfort and disease. No matter what your age – 5, 25, 65 or 85 years – oral health is vital to your general health and well-being.

 

Spondylarthrosis, causes, symptoms and how to cure!

Spondylarthrosis, causes, symptoms and how to cure! lightbox[VATI alb]Spondylarthrosis, causes, symptoms and how to cure!

Spondylarthrosis, causes, symptoms and how to cure!

Spondylarthrosis is a common disease. The most affected part of the body is the spinal spine. The patient feels pain in the waist and cannot bow down. The pain spreads from the waist to of the last vertebra, near the tail; instead, pain in the neck goes up. This kind of pain, sometimes also blocks the breathing.

There are two types of this disease.

1.Lumbar Spondylarthrosis
Lumbar Spondylarthrosis, which is characterized by back and cervical spine (neck) pain. Pain can be fixed and pulsating, lasting and localized depending on the conditions that favor or relieve. Intensity of pain can be so high as to make the life of the person very difficult. Lumbar spondylarthrosis pain is accompanied with pain back that do not allow even the slightest movement The patient must remain in a firm bed in order not to allow bending of the vertebrae, and making it difficult to move. Schematically it can be differ two types, which are Lumbar Spondylarthrosis and Cervical.

2.Cervical. Spondylarthrosis
Cervical Spondylarthrosis hits especially adult ages, it is not transmitted by the family and it can last for an indefinite period of time, giving sleep disturbances during the night. Pain is more dispersed than in the case of a migraine,It is added to the back of the head and especially in the junction between the head and neck.. it can be easily caused by stress, emotion and tension and is common in people with depression and anxiety, this is why one of the methods of treatment is psychotherapy, as this disease is related to strong emotions.
Besides that has damaged vertebrae, there are other signs such as headaches, dizziness, loss of balance, numbness of the arm, tightening of the chest and difficulty in breathing and pain between the shoulder blades.

Reasons
The main cause is the damage of the vertebrae of the spinal spine, damage comes as a result of heavy lifting, staying for a long time watching television, excessive fatigue physical and psychological stresses.

How to cure Spondylarthrosis?
Spondylarthrosis is primarily a disease affecting all those people who have worked in factories, plants, mines, jobs requiring a forced movement position. Particularly affects persons working in mines, because poisons in such countries usually cause damage to the nervous system, which has direct links to the spinal cord. Even why recently it has been concluded that even those people who do not keep their backs straight and have problems with the way of stay are "threatened" by Spondylarthrosis..

 Advice
* Stay in a warm environment for calming the muscles of the back..

* Thermal baths are good for mid painkiller..

* If the pain is very strong then they need the help of a doctor.

* If you cannot move your head or tilt you should immediately go to the doctor..

* Do not lift very heavy weight lifted, it cause lumbar pain.

* Do gymnastics exercises and swimming. Tennis is not recommended..                         

* Avoid staying for a long time watching television,it causes spinal spin injury.

Fitness removes Spondylarthrosis
Aerobic exercise and recantly fitness, are one of the best allies to take away the spondylarthrosis disease. According to experts, everyone should do at least 10 minutes of exercise per day to put into motion the the muscles of the head, which have direct links to the spinal cord.According to specialists every morning the head must be moved left and right 20 times, and the neck should be rotated as many times too, and immediately after exercise it should be done a bath with normal temperature. .All these serve to avoid the spondylarthrosis pain during the day .

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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World Hepatitis Day 2016

World Hepatitis Day 2016 lightbox[VATI eng]World Hepatitis Day 2016

World Hepatitis Day 2016

In 2010 the World Health Organization made World Hepatitis Day one of only four official disease-specific world health days, to be celebrated each year on the 28th July. Millions of people across the world now take part in World Hepatitis Day, to raise awareness about viral hepatitis, and to call for access to treatment, better prevention programs and government action.

 The theme for this year’s global campaign is ELIMINATION.

 2016 is a pivotal year for viral hepatitis. At the World Health Assembly in May, WHO Member States are set to adopt the first ever ‘Elimination Strategy for Viral Hepatitis’, with ambitious targets and a goal to eliminate hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. This will be the first time national governments sign up and commit to the goal of eliminating viral hepatitis.

 Know hepatitis

  • Viral hepatitis affects 400 million people globally and, given the size of the epidemic, anyone and everyone can be at risk.
  • An estimated 95% of people with hepatitis are unaware of their infection. Hepatitis tests are complex and can be costly, with poor laboratory capacity in many countries.
  • Globally, lack of awareness, and poor access to hepatitis treatment services mean that most people who need treatment do not receive it.
  • Over 90% of people with hepatitis C can be completely cured of the virus within 3–6 months.
  • Appropriate treatment of hepatitis B and C can prevent the development of the major life-threatening complications of chronic liver disease: cirrhosis and liver cancer.
  • WHO advises that by scaling up treatment, 7 million lives can be saved between 2015 and 2030, with communities benefiting from economic gains.

Viral hepatitis affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, causing acute and chronic liver disease and killing close to 1.4 million people every year, mostly from hepatitis B and C. It is estimated that only 5% of people with chronic hepatitis know of their infection, and less that 1% have access to treatment.

 Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. There are five different hepatitis viruses, hepatitis A, B, C, D and E:

 

HEPATITIS A

Transmission: Hepatitis A is spread mainly through eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by the faeces of an infected person. It can also be spread by eating raw shellfish that have come from water contaminated by sewage.

Prevention: There is a vaccination for hepatitis A. Treatment within a few weeks of exposure to the virus can also bring short term immunity. People can reduce the risk of exposure by practicing good hygiene and sanitation, and avoiding drinking water that has come from a potentially unsafe source.

Treatment: As hepatitis A only causes acute hepatitis, the body is often able to clear the infection itself within a few weeks. However, hepatitis A infections can sometimes cause further complications.

 

HEPATITIS B

Transmission: Hepatitis B is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids (i.e. saliva, semen and vaginal fluid) of an infected person. It can be passed on from mother to child during childbirth.

Prevention: There is a vaccination that can prevent infection. People, who have not been vaccinated, to reduce chances of exposure it is best to use condoms, and to avoid sharing needles or items such as toothbrushes, razors or nail scissors with an infected person. It is also wise to avoid getting tattoos or body piercings from unlicensed facilities.

Treatment: Drugs such as alpha interferon and peginterferon and a variety of antiviral drugs are available which slow the replication of the virus and occasionally result in its clearance. Children born to mothers infected with hepatitis B should also be vaccinated within 12 hours of birth, as this can prevent an infection that will most likely progress to chronic hepatitis B.

 

HEPATITIS C

Transmission: Hepatitis C is mainly spread through blood-to-blood contact. In rare cases it can be transmitted through certain sexual practices and during childbirth.

Prevention: There is no vaccination for hepatitis C. It is therefore necessary to reduce risk of exposure, by avoiding sharing needles and other items such as toothbrushes, razors or nail scissors with an infected person. It is also wise to avoid getting tattoos or body piercings from unlicensed facilities.

Treatment: Treatment for chronic hepatitis C aims to eradicate the virus. It often involves a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, and there is increasing use of potent direct acting antiviral drugs, with and without interferon. People with different genotypes respond differently to treatment, some more successfully than others.

 

HEPATITIS D

Transmission: Hepatitis D is spread through contact with infected blood.

Prevention: Hepatitis D is only found in people who are already infected with the hepatitis B virus. People not already infected with hepatitis B, should get the hepatitis B vaccination. To reduce exposure, avoid sharing needles and other items such as toothbrushes, razors or nail scissors with an infected person. It is also wise to avoid getting tattoos or body piercings from unlicensed facilities.

Treatment: Conditions may improve with administration of a-interferon, however no effective antiviral therapy is currently available for hepatitis D.

 

HEPATITIS E

Transmission: Hepatitis E is mainly transmitted through eating food or drinking water that has been contaminated by the faeces of an infected person. It can also be spread by eating raw shellfish that have come from water contaminated by sewage.

Prevention: Currently there is a vaccine to prevent hepatitis E, but it is not widely available. People can reduce the risk of exposure by practicing good hygiene and sanitation, and avoiding drinking water that has come from a potentially unsafe source.

Treatment: There is no treatment for hepatitis E. However it is usually self-limiting.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Vitamins and their importance!

Vitamins and their importance lightbox[VATI eng]Vitamins and their importance

 

Vitamins and their importance!

 

What are vitamins,which is the origine of  the term "vitamin" and many kinds of them do we count?

 

Vitamins are some natural ingredients present in almost all foods. Although in small quantities they are essential for all body functions, including tissue regeneration and maintenance of human health.

A Polish scientist named Casimir Funk  (1884-1967) first used the term "Vitamin" after its discovery of some essential ingredients in foods that are fundamental to the maintenance of health. The word "vitamin" comes from the Latin word "Vita" (life) and the biochemical term amine  nitrogen compound. But not all vitamins contain nitrogen.

Our body uses vitamins every day during the normal biochemical processes of life. Taking vitamins from food, helps in releasing energy from our body and in the processes of growth and regeneration of tissue.

So far there are  13 types identified: A, C, D, E, K and 8 of Group B. Group B complex includes: thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), Pantothenic Acid (B5) pyridoxine (B6), Cyancobalamina (B12), folic acid (folate folacin) and Biotine (H).

 

What is the difference between water-soluble vitamins,and fat soluble vitamins?

 

Vitamins are divided into two groups: water soluble and fat solbule.The water soluble ones (vitamins C and B Complex) are easily absorbable by the human tissues.Human body can not store or accumulate water soluble vitamins and therefore their daily intake is necessary to meet the needs. Vitamin B12 makes an exception to this rule. If it’s untake has been immediate by  liver can maintain it for several months.

Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) can be stored in the liver for a long time so their untake in a single dosage is sufficient.

 

Can vitamins be synthesized by our bodies themselves; do vitamins  release energy; and do they make us fat?

 

In some cases, yes!

Vitamin K is produced by some certain bacteria present in the human body (microflora). Newborn children do not have this type of bacteria and therefore they require an intake of vitamin K until this bacteria starts to grow.

Also, vitamin D and niacin B3 can be produced by the body, but in small quantities. So again there is a need of their untake through outer ways .

Vitamins themselves do not release energy.Vitamins help in converting food into energy which the body needs to stay warm, active and healthy.Thus people who take an unbalanced diet may suffer from fatigue and frequent viral and bacterial infections and therefore the intake of vitamins and other elements can help to maintain the energy needed.

Vitamins have no caloric value and are not source energy, however vitamins help the body to use or release the energy present in foods. Some vitamins may be sugar collected which can give them  1 calory or maximum 2.

Why do we often find vitamins in cosmetics ingredients?

Vitamin A, E and panthenol are important to skin health. Vitamin A improves skin cell regeneration. Vitamin E helps to protect against the negative effects of ultra violet rays, reduces rashes from exposure of the skin and retains moisture. Panthenol derivative of panthotenik acid protects the skin from drying, soothes inflammation and adds shine and softness to hair.

 

When is it recommended to take vitamins?

 

Besides a healthy diet that is recommended for any age group, there are several stages of life during which the doctor recommends to increase the amount of vitamins that are taken by mouth:

  • For adults over 50 years, it recommended intake of vitamin B12, to add to the diet food products that have in their content vitamin B12.
  • For adults or people who have dark skin and do not get sunlight at least 15 minutes a day, they should take vitamin D or to add to their diet food products that have in their content vitamin D.
  • For pregnant women or planning to have children soon, it is advised to take folic acid.

Researches prove that folic acid is especially needed for the fetus during 30-60 days after fertilization. It reduces the risk of birth injury and anencephali including spina bifida. Even to prevent these injuries, nutritient experts recommend taking it at least three months before conception. Pregnant women and their children are particularly at risk from the use of vegetarian food (no meat, eggs, milk).

Studies have shown that both mother and child, often suffer from anemia and this implies the preservation of bone as result of  deficiency of vitamin B12 that has not been taken during pregnancy.

 

Is it necessary that certain drugs be accompanied by vitamins?

 

Yes!

Use of certain medications can disrupt vitamins balance in the body by changing opportunity of absorption , use and storage of vitamins. Eg Oral contraceptives reduce folic acid, neomycin and cholestyramine affect vitamin B12, etc ...

For all of these, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

 

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World No Tobacco Day 2016

World No Tobacco Day 2016 lightbox[WNTD eng]World No Tobacco Day 2016

 

World No Tobacco Day 2016: Get ready for plain packaging

 Every year, on 31 May, WHO and partners mark World No Tobacco Day (WNTD), highlighting the health risks associated with tobacco use and advocating for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption.

For World No Tobacco Day, 31 May 2016, WHO and the Secretariat of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control are calling countries to get ready for plain (standardized) packaging of tobacco products.

Plain packaging is an important demand reduction measure that reduces the attractiveness of tobacco products, restricts use of tobacco packaging as a form of tobacco advertising and promotion, limits misleading packaging and labelling, and increases the effectiveness of health warnings.

 Plain packaging of tobacco products refers to measures that restrict or prohibit the use of logos, colours, brand images or promotional information on packaging other than brand names and product names displayed in a standard colour and font style.

 Guidelines to Articles 11 and 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) recommend that Parties consider adoption of plain packaging.

 Plain packaging builds upon other measures as part of a comprehensive multisectoral approach to tobacco control. Policy makers, civil society and the public can take action to ensure that their governments consider adoption of plain packaging.

 Facts about plain packaging

 Interest in plain packaging is progressing across the globe:

  • In December 2012, Australia became the first country to fully implement plain packaging.
  • In 2015, Ireland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and France all passed laws to implement plain packaging from May 2016.
  • A number of countries are in advanced stages of considering adoption of plain packaging laws.

 Goals of WNTD 2016 campaign

 World No Tobacco Day 2016 aims to:

Highlight the role of plain packaging as part of a comprehensive, multisectoral approach to tobacco control.

Facilitate policy development by Member States and the globalization of plain packaging by providing informative, compelling and persuasive information.

Encourage Member States to strengthen packaging and labelling measures and restrictions on advertising, promotion and sponsorship as they work towards plain packaging in a step-wise approach.

Support Member States and civil society against tobacco industry interference in political processes leading to adoption of plain packaging laws.

 

 

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